The prominent Turkish thinker and poet Salih Mirzabeyoglu’s master Necip Fazil Kisakurek is the founder of the school of Buyuk Dogu (Great East). He was born in Istanbul on May 25, 1905. He originally came from the province of Maras and was a son of a noble family. After graduating from the Naval Military Gymnasium in Heybeliada and the Philosophy Department of the University of Istanbul, Necip Fazil was sent to France by Mustafa Kemal. While in France he led a bohemian life. After later returning to Turkey, he worked as a supervisor in Is Bank and as a lecturer at the Fine Arts Academy. He met Seyyid Abdülhakim Arvasi (Sheikh of the Naqshbandi Order) in 1938 and chose to lead a pure Islamic lifestyle. In 1943, he resigned from his official post and began to publish the review of Buyuk Dogu (Great East). Up until 1978, Buyuk Dogu had been shut down many times by the State. Between 1979 and 1980 Necip Fazil published another review titled «Report» with Salih Mirzabeyoglu.

Throughout his life, he struggled against Kemalist ideology and because of this led half of his life in prison or under the risk of imprisonment and actually had attempted to lead revolts twice but was not successful. In his “Memories,” Necip Fazil said that during his first attempt he had tried to make use of Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. During his second attempt, he tried to benefit from the leader of the nationalist movement, Alpaslan Turkes. In May 1983, on nearly the same day of his birth, he passed away. His tomb is in Eyüp Sultan cemetery.

In his lifetime, Necip Fazil wrote over 100 works, most about topics in history, politics, and thought. He also wrote drama and cinema scenarios. He began to write poems when he was 12 years old and his first poem book was published when he was 17. He was honored by what has been said about him, “One of his verses is enough to suprematize Turkish people,” which was acceptable by all the circles in Turkey.

When he was 33 years old, he met Abdülhakim Arvasi. This was a turning point in his life. Since that day, he devoted himself to destroying the Kemalist Turkish regime and to founding a new state under the name of Basyucelik State.

Here is a detailed biography quoted from an encyclopedia:

“He wrote under various pseudonyms such as Ahmet Necip, Ne-Fe-Ka, Hi-Ab-Kö, Ha-A-Ka, Prof.Ş.Ü., Be-De, Adı Değmez, Neslihan Kısakürek, Ahmet Abdülbaki, and Ozan. Necip Fazıl Kısakürek was the member of a prominent family, and grew up in a crowded mansion. During his frequently interrupted educational life, he attended various schools, and finally, he spent five years at a military school but never graduated. In 1924, he went to Paris, France and studied philosophy for about two years. Upon his return to his homeland, he continued the bohemian lifestyle that he had taken up in Paris. He spent short periods in various governmental jobs but never had a consistent professional career.

After 1923, Necip Fazıl Kısakürek earned himself a place in the literary world through the articles and poems that appeared in various publications and newspapers. His first volume of poetry was published in 1925, and many poems and plays followed. But his first novel appeared in 1970, after a long period of silence. Kısakürek is best known for the poems that he wrote during the first years of the Republic; rendered in syllabic meter, these are aesthetically minded, profoundly metaphysical and psychological pieces. This type of poetry, especially because of the emphasis placed on the aesthetic aspect, represented his quest for a common and pure poetic language, an enthusiasm that he shared with some of his contemporaries. In the hands of Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, the syllabic meter that had until then been struggling within the confines of a formal structure, was elevated to a competent level. In addition, he is unique among his contemporaries because of his pathetic and tragic characters, who manifested themselves through mystical and metaphysical tendencies, unfounded fears, and delirium. Through this innovative approach, Necip Fazıl Kısakürek has had a lasting impact on many poets that followed him.

In addition to poetry, for some time Necip Fazıl Kısakürek was actively involved with drama as well. Sensations such as fear, terror, disgust, mistrust, suspicion, isolation, which appeared as abstract concepts in his poetry, have been carried to the stage through various dramatic techniques and striking dialogues. His dramatic characters are often guilt ridden, and they experience heavy pangs of conscience. His plays often forced the limits of the mind, and took up themes such as the relationship between destiny and will, the relationship between mind, feeling and intuition, and the conflict of the tangible versus the abstract. Due to all this, some critics argued that Kısakürek was influenced by the Nordic tradition of drama. Indeed, most of Kısakürek’s dramatic works are composed with meticulously detailed technique, and they leave little room for interpretation or creativity by the producer or the dramaturge. However, despite these obvious restrictions, the Turkish State Theater has performed almost all of his dramatic pieces repeatedly.

Necip Fazıl Kısakürek led an extremely productive life, and wrote many poems, plays, articles, and essays. In 1980, in an official ceremony, The Turkish Foundation for Literature granted him the “Sultanüşşuara” (“Master of Poets”) title.

Necip Fazıl Kısakürek passed away in Istanbul on May 25, 1983.”

NECIP FAZIL KISAKUREK’S WORKS:

POETRY: Örümcek Ağı (The Cobweb, 1925), Kaldırımlar (Pavements, 1928), Ben ve Ötesi (Me and Beyond, 1932), Çile (Suffering, 1962), Şiirlerim (My Poems, 1969), Esselam (Greetings, 1973).

PLAY: Tohum (Seed, 1935), Bir Adam Yaratmak (To Create a Man, 1938). Künye (Identification Tag, 1940), Sabırtaşı (The Epitome of Patience, 1940), Para (Money, 1942), Nam-ı Diğer Parmaksız Salih (Well-known Fingerless Salih, 1949), Reis Bey (Reis Bey, 1964), Ahşap Konak (Wooden Mansion, 1964), Siyah Pelerinli Adam (The Man with the Black Cape, 1964), Ulu Hakan Abdülhamid Han (The Great Emperor Abdülhamid Khan, 1965), Yunus Emre (Yunus Emre 1969), Kanlı Sarık (Bloody Sarık, 1970), Mukaddes Emanet (The Holy Trust, 1971), İbrahim Edhem (İbrahim Edhem 1978).

SHORT STORY: Birkaç Hikâye Birkaç Tahlil (Several Short Stories and Several Analyses, 1933), Ruh Burkuntularından Hikâyeler (Short Stories from Sad Souls, 1965), Hikâyelerim (My Stories, 1973).

NOVEL: Aynadaki Yalan (The Lie in the Mirror, 1970), Kafa Kağıdı (Identity Card, 1983).

SCENARIO: Vatan Şairi Namık Kemal (The Motherland Poet Namık Kemal, 1944), Senaryo Romanları (Screenplay Novels, 1972), Battal Gazi (Clumsy Veteran), Yangın Var (Fire!).

MONOGRAPH: Eseri ve Tesiriyle Namık Kemal (Namık Kemal, His Work and Its Impact, 1940), Ulu Hakan Abdulhamid Han (The Great Emperor Abdulhamid Han, 1965), Vatan Haini Değil Büyük Vatan dostu Vahidüddin (Vahidüddin, A Great Lover of the Motherland, Not a Traitor, 1968), Benim Gözümde Menderes (Menderes In My Opinion, 1970).

PHILOSOPHY-MEMOIR: Çerçeve (Frame, 1940), Maskenizi Yırtıyorum (I’m Ripping Your Mask, 1953), At’a Senfoni (Symphony to a Horse, 1958), Türkiye’nin Manzarası (State of Turkey, 1968), Binbir Çerçeve I – V (Thousands of Frames I-V, 1968-69), Çepeçevre Anadolu ve Gençlik (All Around Anatolia and Youth, 1969), Çepeçevre Sosyalizm, Komünizm ve İnsanlık (All Around Socialism, Communism and Humanity, 1969), Son Devrin Din Mazlumları (Modest Religious People of The Last Age,1969), Yeniçeri (Janissary, 1970), Tarihimizde Moskof (Russians in Our History, 1973), Cumhuriyet’in 50. Yılında Türkiye’nin Manzarası (The Image of Turkey on the 50th Anniversary of the Republic, 1973), İhtilal (The Revolution, 1976), Rapor 1-13 (Report 1-13, 1976-80).

RELIGION – MYSTICISM: Halkadan Pırıltılar (Sparkles from the Ring, 1948), Çöle İnen Nur (The Holy Light Casting on the Desert, 1950), Altın Zincir (Golden Chain, 1959), Altun Halka (Golden Ring, 1960), O ki O Yüzden Varız (That is the Reason of Our Existence, 1961), İlim Beldesinin Kapısı Hz. Ali (Esteemed Ali, The Door to the City of Science, 1964), Hulefa-i Raşidin Menkıbelerine Ait Bir Pırıltı Binbir Işık (The Gleam of Thousands of Lights of the Hulefa-i Raşidin Legends, 1965), Peygamber Halkası (The Prophet Ring, 1968), Tanrı Kulundan Dinlediklerim (The Things I Heard from the Servant of God, 1968), Nur Harmanı (Harvest of Holy Light, 1970), Başbuğ Velilerden 33 (From the Principal Saints 33, 1974), Veliler Ordusunda 33 (Among the Saints 33, 1976), Doğru Yolun Sapık Kolları (Perverted Deviations of the True Way, 1978), İman ve İslam Atlası (Atlas of Faith and Islam, 1981), Batı Tefekkürü ve İslam Tasavvufu (Thoughts of the West and Islam Sufism, 1982).

SPEECH AND CONFERENCE: Abdülhak Hamid ve Dolayısıyla (Abdülhak Hamid and So, 1937), Müdafaa (Defense, 1946), Her Cephesiyle Komünizma (Communism in All Its Aspects, 1961), Türkiye’de Komünizma ve Köy Enstitüleri (Communism in Turkey and the Village Institutions, 1962), İman ve Aksiyon (Faith and Action, 1964), İki Hitabe (Two Speeches, 1966), Müdafaalarım (My Defenses, 1969), Hitabe (The Speech, 1975), Yolumuz, Halimiz, Çaremiz (Our Way, State and Remedy, 1977).

MEMOIR: Cinnet Mustatili (Rectangle of Madness, 1955), Büyük Kapı (Great Door, 1965), Hac (Pilgrimage, 1973), Babıâli (The Sublime Porte, 1975).

WIKIPEDIA (URDU)

نجیب فاضل قیصاکورک

آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے

تُرک کے مشہور قلم کار، شاعر،ادیب اور مفکر نجیب فاضل قیصاکورک (1904 تا 1983ء) Necip Fazıl Kısakürek کے خاندان کا تعلق اناطولیہ کے شہر مرعش سے تھا، لیکن آپ کی پوری زندگی استنبول میں گزری۔ یہیں آپ کی ولادت ہوئی اور آخردم تک آپ نے یہیں قیام کیا۔ امریکی کالج اور بحریہ اسکول میں تعلیم پائی۔ بعد ازاں دارالفنون کے شعبہ فلسفہ اور سوبورن یونیورسٹی پیرس سے وابستہ رہے۔ بینک میں آڈیٹر کی ملازمت کی مگر اس میں دل نہ لگا آپ نے یہ ملازمت چھوڑ دی۔ پھر آپ نے قومی ادارہ برائے موسیقی اوراکادمی برائے فنونِ لطیفہ میں شمولیت اختیارکی اور ہر اہل و نااہل کے دل میں فن کی روح پھونک دی۔ آپ نے ‘‘بویوک دوغو’’ Büyük Doğuیعنی مشرقِ عظیم نامی مکتب فکر کی بنیاد رکھی اور اسی نام ایک رسالہ شائع کرتے رہے، اس رسالے نے ترکی کی فکری زندگی کی نشو و نما میں اہم کردار ادا کیاہے۔ ترکی کو عظیم ترکی بنانے میں نجیب فاضل کے اس ادارے کا کام، کوشش اور محنت شامل ہے۔ نجیب فاضل نے نوجوان نسلوں کو خود اعتمادی سکھائی، انہوں نے اس بات پر بھی زور دیا کہ اخلاق اور ناموس سے عاری افکار دائم نہیں رہ سکیں گے۔ نجیب فاضل کو ترکی میں شیکسپیئر کے برابر کا ڈراما نگار مانا جاتا ہے۔ آپ شعرونثر کے نامی گرامی اساتذہ میں سے تھے۔ آپ کا شمار مستقبل کے فکری معماروں میں ہوتا ہے۔ صوفیانہ افکار سے شغف، مابعدالطبیعات پر گہری نظر، عمربھر‘‘حقیقتِ مطلقہ’’ کااحترم اور سیدالانامﷺ کی غیر معمولی عزت و توقیر آپ کی ہمہ جہت شخصیت کے چند گوشے ہیں۔

شاعری

• مکڑی کا جالا (Örümcek Ağı)….(1925)
• فٹ پاتھ(Kaldırımlar )….(1928)
• میں اور اس کے بعد (Ben ve Ötesi)….(1932)
• ابدی قافلے(Sonsuzluk Kervanı)….(1955)
• اضطراب: حصہ اول (Çile I)….(1962)
• میری شاعری (Şiirlerim)…. (1969)
• السلام (Esselâm)….(1973)
• اضطراب: حصہ دوم (Çile II)….(1974)
• یہ بارش (Bu Yağmur)
• پیارا استنبول (Canim Istanbul)

ناول

• آئینے میں جھوٹ (Aynadaki Yalan)….(1980)
• سرِورق (Kafa Kağıdı)….(1984)

کہانیاں

• کچھ کہانیاں کچھ تجزیے (1932)….(Birkaç Hikâye Birkaç Tahlil)
• روح کی کرچیوں سے کہانیاں (1964)….(Ruh Burkuntularından Hikayeler)
• میری کہانیاں (1970)….(Hikâyelerim)

یادداشتیں/ سفرنامے

• جنون کا مستطیل (1955)….(Cinnet Mustatili)
• حج (1973)….(Hac)
• وہ اور میں (1974)….(O ve Ben)
• عثمانی سلطنت (1975)….(Bâbıâli)

ڈرام

• انسان کی تخلیق(1938)…. (Bir Adam Yaratmak)
• بیج۔… (Tohum)
• سيدی الرئیس/محترم قاضی ….(Reis Bey)
• پیسے ….(Para)
• صبر کا پتھر۔…(Sabır Taşı )
• لکڑی کا گھر ….(Ahşap Konak)
• خونی پگڑی ….(Kanlı Sarık)
• باریک نُکتہ ….(Püf Noktası)
• ابراہیم ادھم۔…(İbrahim Ethem)
• یونس ایمرے۔…(Yunus Emre)
• عبد الحمید خان (Abdülhamin Han)
• مقدس امانت۔…(Mukaddes Emanet)
• سیاہ ٹوپی والا آدمی ….(Siyah Pelerinli Adam)
• بنا انگلیوں والا صالح ….(Parmaksız Salih)